Hypertension

Hypertension: abnormal alteration in systolic and diastolic Blood Pressure beyond the normal values i.e 120/80mmhg.
       or:
hypertension means high pressure (tension) in the arteries. 

A disease neither caused by any bacteria or virus nor it transfers

BP Categorization	Systolic BP mmHg	Diastolic BP mmHg	Life style modification
Normal	<120	<80	Encourage
Prehypertension	120-130	80-89	Yes
Stage 1	140-159	90-99	Yes
Stage 2	>160	>100	yes

 It occurs in 5% patients.tere are different stages of hypertension given below in table:person to another except the inheritance. but occurs due to certain factors like: diet ,environment, stress, high cholesterol, excess salts ,lack of exercise , cigarette smoking, alcohol intake . Increase in blood pressure due to these reasons can be called as primary/essential hypertension 95% of patients suffers this type. While increase in blood pressure due to It can be caused due to renal diseases genetic syndromes or hyperaldosteronism is called as secondary or non essential hypertension   .    
                                              Diet 

Diet for BP patients:

JUICES

VEGETABLE

DIET LOW IN SATURATED FAT

LOW FAT

DAIRY FOODS

hypertensive patients should be careful regarding the diet they are using as diet imparts effect on blood pressure. Cholesterol increases blood pressure so  diet free or less in cholesterol is recommended for maintaining the blood.salt in your body causes the absorption of wHater ultimately leading to the increase in blood volume and blood pressure leading to the worsening of hypertensive situation. 
  hypertensive emergencies
       Table shows Drug use to deal hypertensive emergencies

Class of drug	Generic name	Brand name
Nitrates	Nitroglycerine	nitromint
Vasodilators	Hydralazine	Hydralazine
CCBs	Amlodipine	Amlocard
ACE	captopril	Capotin
diuretic	furosamide	Generic
Vasodilator	nitroprusside	Generic
vasodilators	fenoldopam	Generic
ARBs	losartan	Co-ezyday

It requires keeping patient in ICU and continuously checking patient’s BP .paranteral antihypertensive medicine are use to lower BP as soon as BP is lowered oral medication should be started because this allows smoother and long term management of hypertension .more over rapid normalization of bp  may lead to hypoperfusion & brain injury        
                                                                                                                


             High blood pressure leads to·       

                               High blood pressure is called "the silent killer"because it often cause no symptoms for 
                 many years  even decades,until it finally damages certain critical organs
                         Poorly controlled high blood pressure ultimately can cause damage to
                         blood vessel in the eye
                                          thickening of heart muscles and

                         heart attack
                         hardening of ateries (arterioclerosis)
                         kidney failure
                         strokes
  

                        How do I control my high blood pressure?

              Check your blood pressure.
              Take your high blood pressure medicine every day if needed.         
              Exercise often.
              Eat foods low in salt.
              Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level.
              Do not smoke.
             Limit alcohol.
             Talk to your doctor regularly about your pressure
                                 Have a higher risk of high blood pressure if you:

             Are African American
             Are obese
             Are often stressed or anxious
             Drink too much alcohol (more than one drink per day         for women and more than two drinks per day  for          men)
             Eat too much salt in diet
            Have a family history of high blood pressure
            Have diabetes
            Smoke


                               CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

                  Many factors can affect blood pressure, including:

                How much water and salt you have in your body
                The condition of your kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels
                The levels of different body hormones

•                      
•                      SYMPTOMS
        Most of the time, there are no symptoms. For most patients, high blood pressure is found when they visit               their health care provider or have it checked elsewhere.
          If you have a severe :
            headache
            nausea 
            vomiting
            bad headache
            confusion
            changes in your vision
            nosebleeds you may have a severe and dangerous form of high blood pressure

                     

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